Suction Dredger for Use on Underwater Hard Soil Layer

ABSTRACT

The present application relates to a suction dredger for use on an underwater hard soil layer and relates to the technical field of bridge construction equipment. The present suction dredger includes a mud suctioning mechanism, a mud-breaking mechanism, and a blockage-prevention assembly. The mud suctioning mechanism includes a pressurizing assembly and a suction dredging pipe. The suction dredging pipe passes through the pressurizing assembly and the two ends thereof at least partially extend past the pressurizing assembly. The side wall of the section of the suction dredging pipe located in the pressurizing assembly is provided with multiple pressurization holes that are inclined upward in the direction from the outer wall to the inner wall. The pressurizing assembly is used for, via the pressurization holes, forming low pressure in the suction dredging pipe. The mud-breaking mechanism includes at least two mud-breaking assemblies. The mud-breaking assemblies are provided on the bottom of the mud suctioning mechanism and are used for crushing the underwater hard soil layer to assist the suction dredging pipe in suctioning mud. The blockage-prevention assembly is provided on the bottom of the suction dredging pipe. The blockage-prevention assembly is used for preventing the suction dredging pipe from experiencing blockages during the suction process. The suction dredger for use on an underwater soil layer provided in the present application solves the problem in the prior art that when a suction dredger works on an underwater hard soil layer, suction results are poor and blockages are common.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present application relates to the technical field of bridgeconstruction equipment, in particular to a suction dredger for use on anunderwater hard soil layer.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Generally, in the construction of deep-water open caisson foundation ofa bridge, the soil layer at the bottom of the open caisson foundationneeds to be sucked off before the open caisson is preformingsoil-unloading sinking, or during the construction of the steelcofferdam, the sinking method of the conventional double-walled steelcofferdam in the overburden is mostly selected as mud-suctioningsinking. Therefore, the suction dredger is widely used in bridgeconstruction.

In related art, air suction dredging facilities are widely used due toits simple construction process, low investment, low cost, and fastmud-taking speed. The conventional air suction dredger is mainlycomposed of a suction dredging head, a suction dredging pipe and ahigh-pressure air pipe, and the main principle thereof is to use a largeinternal and external pressure difference to suck sediment through thesuction dredging head. However, due to the small disturbance to theoverburden, the effect of the mud suction of this kind of suctiondredger is relatively poor, which affects the quality and efficiency ofthe mud suction. At present, in order to improve the quality andefficiency of the mud suction of the suction dredger, some auxiliarystructures are often added on the suction dredging head, such as amixing rod, which is configured to rotate at a certain speed while thesuction dredging head sucks the mud, so as to stir the sludge around thesuction dredging head, so as to ensure better effect of the mud suction.In addition, it can also better clean the sludge adsorbed on the suctiondredging head.

However, at present, the hard soil layers are sometimes encountered inbridge construction, the existing suction dredgers usually work on theupper surface of the soft soil layers, and cannot achieve good effect ofthe mud suction when working on the upper surface of the hard soillayers; and in addition, there often exists sundries, such as largeblock stones, at the bottom of the water, which are easy to block thesuction dredging head and affects the effect of the mud suction to agreat extent.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The embodiment of the present application provides a suction dredger foruse on an underwater hard soil layer, so as to solve the problem in theprior art that when a suction dredger works on an underwater hard soillayer, the effect of the mud suction is poor and blockages are common.

In the first aspect, the present invention provides a suction dredgerfor use on an underwater hard soil layer, comprising:

-   -   a mud suctioning mechanism, which comprises a pressurizing        assembly and a suction dredging pipe, the suction dredging pipe        is inserted in the pressurizing assembly and two ends thereof at        least partially extend out of the pressurizing assembly, a side        wall of a pipe section of the suction dredging pipe located in        the pressurizing assembly is provided with a plurality of        pressurization holes that are inclined upward in the direction        from the outer wall to the inner wall, and the pressurizing        assembly is configured to discharge mud water mixtures in the        suction dredging pipe by means of the pressurization holes;    -   a mud-breaking mechanism, which comprises at least two        mud-breaking assemblies, the mud-breaking assemblies are        arranged on the bottom of the mud suctioning mechanism and are        configured to crush the underwater hard soil layer to assist the        suction dredging pipe in suctioning mud; and    -   a blockage-prevention assembly, which is arranged on the bottom        of the suction dredging pipe, and the blockage-prevention        assembly is configured to prevent the suction dredging pipe from        experiencing blockages during a suction process.

In some embodiments, the pressurizing assembly comprises:

-   -   an air collecting box, which comprises an air collecting cavity,        and the air collecting box is configured such that: the suction        dredging pipe is inserted in the air collecting box and the        pressurization holes located on the suction dredging pipe all        communicate with the air collecting cavity; and    -   a high-pressure air pump, which is arranged above the air        collecting box, and is connected with the top of the air        collecting box through a pipeline, and communicates with the air        collecting cavity, and the high-pressure air pump is configured        to inject air with a high flow rate into the air collecting        cavity to discharge the mud water mixtures in the suction        dredging pipe.

In some embodiments, the mud-breaking mechanism comprises:

-   -   a diversion pipe, which is arranged in the air collecting        cavity, at least two water outlets are arranged on a pipe        section of the diversion pipe at intervals, and each of the        water outlets is connected with one of the mud-breaking        assemblies; and    -   a high-pressure water pump, which is arranged above the air        collecting box, and is connected with one end of the diversion        pipe through a pipeline.

In some embodiments, the mud-breaking assembly comprises a water jetpipe and a nozzle arranged at an end of the water jet pipe, the waterjet pipe communicates with the corresponding water outlet, a connectionbetween the water jet pipe and the water outlet is also provided with arotating part, the rotating part is connected with a driving motor, andthe driving motor is configured to drive the rotating part to rotate toadjust an angle of the water jet pipe.

In some embodiments, the blockage-prevention assembly is detachablyclamped with the suction dredging pipe, one end of theblockage-prevention assembly away from the suction dredging pipe is in aserrated shape, and a grating in the shape of a well is arranged in theblockage-prevention assembly.

In some embodiments, the blockage-prevention assembly comprises aconnecting head and at least three curved blockage-prevention parts, theconnecting head is annular and rotatably connected with the bottom ofthe suction dredging pipe, one end of all the curved blockage-preventionparts are arranged on the connecting head at intervals, and the bottomof the suction dredging pipe is within a vertical projection area of allthe curved blockage-prevention parts, and a plurality ofblockage-prevention heads are arranged on both sides of each of thecurved blockage-prevention parts at intervals.

In some embodiments, an included angle between the pressurization holeand a horizontal plane is not less than 45°.

In some embodiments, the top of the suction dredging pipe is alsoconnected with a mud discharge pipe, the mud discharge pipe is L-shaped,and a corner thereof is arc-shaped.

In some embodiments, the suction dredging pipe and the mud dischargepipe are connected by means of a connecting flange, and the aircollecting box is also connected with a pipeline located at the topthereof by means of a connecting flange.

In some embodiments, the number of the mud-breaking assemblies is 4 to8.

The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided in the presentapplication are as follows:

The embodiment of the present application provides a suction dredger foruse on an underwater hard soil layer, wherein the pressurizing assemblycan form air with a high flow rate in the suction dredging pipe by meansof the pressurization holes, the bottom of the mud suctioning mechanismis provided with a mud-breaking mechanism that can break the underwaterhard soil layer, in addition, the bottom of the suction dredging pipe isalso provided with the blockage-prevention assembly that can effectivelyprevent the suction dredging pipe from being blocked during the suctionprocess. Therefore, when the suction dredger is located in theunderwater hard soil layer, the effect of the mud suction of the suctiondredger is greatly improved compared with the traditional suctiondredger, which is mainly reflected in that due to the setting of themud-breaking mechanism, the hard soil layer can be easily adsorbed, anddue to the setting of the blockage-prevention assembly, the pipeblockage caused by large soil blocks and hard stones can be effectivelyavoided during the suction process, so as to ensure the smooth progressof the mud suction and the effect of the mud suction.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to better illustrate the technical solution in the embodimentsof the present application, the following will briefly introduce thedrawings needed in the description of the embodiments, and it is obviousthat the drawings in the following description are part of embodimentsof the present application, for those of ordinary skill in the art,other drawings may also be obtained based on these drawings without anyinventive effort.

FIG. 1 is a partial structural diagram of a suction dredger for use onan underwater hard soil layer in the embodiment of the presentapplication;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view at 1-1 in FIG. 1 in the embodiment of thepresent application;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view at 2-2 in FIG. 1 in the embodiment of thepresent application;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view at 3-3 in FIG. 1 in the embodiment of thepresent application;

FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of a mud-breaking assembly of a suctiondredger for use on an underwater hard soil layer in the embodiment ofthe present application;

FIG. 6 is a structural diagram when a suction dredger for use on anunderwater hard soil layer does not install a blockage-preventionassembly in the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a structural diagram when a blockage-prevention assembly of asuction dredger for use on an underwater hard soil layer is in use inthe embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of a blockage-prevention assembly of asuction dredger for use on an underwater hard soil layer in theembodiment of the present application;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of distribution of pressurization holes ofa suction dredger for use on an underwater hard soil layer in theembodiment of the present application;

In the figures: 10—a suction dredging pipe, 11—a pressurization hole,12—an air collecting box, 13—a mud discharge pipe, 20—a mud-breakingassembly, 21—a diversion pipe, 22—a water jet pipe, 23—a nozzle, 3—ablockage-prevention assembly.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of theembodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutionsin the embodiments of the present application will be described clearlyand completely in combination with the drawings in the embodiments ofthe present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only apart of the embodiments of the present application, not all of theembodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, allother embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the artwithout inventive efforts shall fall within the protection scope of thepresent application.

The embodiment of the present application provides a suction dredger foruse on an underwater hard soil layer, which can solve the problem in theprior art that when a suction dredger works on an underwater hard soillayer, the effect of the mud suction is poor and blockages are common.

As shown in FIGS. 1-2 , the suction dredger mainly comprises a mudsuctioning mechanism, a mud-breaking mechanism and a blockage-preventionassembly 3. The mud suctioning mechanism comprises a pressurizingassembly and a suction dredging pipe 10, the suction dredging pipe 10 isinserted in the pressurizing assembly and two ends thereof at leastpartially extend out of the pressurizing assembly, a side wall of a pipesection of the suction dredging pipe 10 located in the pressurizingassembly is provided with a plurality of pressurization holes 11 thatare inclined upward in the direction from the outer wall to the innerwall, and the pressurizing assembly is configured to form an upward airflow with a high flow rate in the suction dredging pipe 10 by means ofthe pressurization holes 11, so as to discharge mud water mixtures inthe suction dredging pipe 10. The mud-breaking mechanism comprises atleast two mud-breaking assemblies 20, the mud-breaking assemblies 20 arearranged on the bottom of the mud suctioning mechanism and areconfigured to crush the underwater hard soil layer to assist the suctiondredging pipe 10 in suctioning mud, so as to ensure the effect ofsuctioning the mud in the hard soil layer environment. Theblockage-prevention assembly 3 is arranged on the bottom of the suctiondredging pipe 10, and the blockage-prevention assembly 3 is configuredto prevent the suction dredging pipe 10 from experiencing blockagesduring a suction process, generally, when sucking the mud, obstaclessuch as large soil blocks and hard stones may be sucked, and theblockage-prevention assembly 3 can effectively prevent pipeline blockagecaused by such obstacles.

Specifically, the pressurizing assembly comprises: an air collecting box12 and a high-pressure air pump. The air collecting box 12 mainlycomprises an air collecting cavity, and the air collecting box 12 isconfigured such that: the suction dredging pipe 10 is inserted in theair collecting box 12 and passes through the air collecting cavity, andthe pressurization holes 11 located on the suction dredging pipe 10 allcommunicate with the air collecting cavity. The high-pressure air pumpis arranged above the air collecting box 12, generally on a horizontalplane, and is connected with the top of the air collecting box 12through a pipeline, and communicates with the air collecting cavity, andthe high-pressure air pump is configured to inject air with a high flowrate into the air collecting cavity to form an upward air flow with ahigh flow rate in the suction dredging pipe 10. The specific principleis as follows: when it is necessary to suck the mud, the high-pressureair pump is started to blow the air into the air collecting box 12, thehigh-pressure gas is collected in the air collecting cavity and passesthrough the pressurization holes 11. Since the directions of thepressurization holes 11 are all inclined upward, as shown in FIG. 9 ,the high-pressure gas generated by the high-pressure air pump finallyenters the suction dredging pipe 10 by means of the pressurization holes11 and flows upward to discharge the mud water mixtures in the suctiondredging pipe 10, and the subsequent water continues to come in afterdischarge, so as to achieve the purpose of sucking the mud watermixtures outside the pipe into the pipe.

Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 3-5 , the mud-breaking mechanism mainlycomprises: a diversion pipe 21 and a high-pressure water pump. From theperspective of structural design, the diversion pipe 21 is arranged inthe air collecting cavity and is in a round shape, at least two wateroutlets are arranged on a pipe section of the diversion pipe 21 atintervals, the water outlets extend out of the air collecting box 12,and each of the water outlets is connected with one of the mud-breakingassemblies 20. The high-pressure water pump is arranged above the aircollecting box 12, and is connected with one end of the diversion pipe21 through a pipeline. The mud-breaking assembly 20 mainly comprises awater jet pipe 22 and a nozzle 23 arranged at an end of the water jetpipe 22, and the water jet pipe 22 communicates with the correspondingwater outlet. The specific principle is as follows: before mud sucking,the underwater hard soil layer needs to be broken first, at this time,the high-pressure water pump is started, the high-pressure water pumppressurizes the water, and the high-pressure water is finally ejectedthrough the nozzle 23 along the pipeline, the diversion pipe 21 and thewater jet pipe 22, and the water column with high pressure has a largeimpact force, so in general, the hard soil layer under the water can bebroken.

Specifically, a rotating part is arranged at the connection between thewater jet pipe 22 and the water outlet, and the rotating part isconnected with a driving motor. The driving motor is configured to drivethe rotating part to rotate within a certain range to adjust an angle ofthe water jet pipe 22, so as to ensure that it is easier to break thesurrounding soil layer when breaking the soil layer, increase theefficiency of the mud suction and ensure the effect of the mud suction.The number of the mud-breaking assemblies 20 is 4 to 8, and herein, thenumber of the mud-breaking assemblies 20 is preferably four.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 , the blockage-preventionassembly 3 is in a cylinder shape, one end of which is detachablyclamped with the suction dredging pipe 10, and the other end away fromthe suction dredging pipe 10 is in a serrated shape. In addition, agrating in the shape of a well is arranged in the blockage-preventionassembly 3. The principle of this blockage-prevention assembly 3 is asfollows: since the end is in a serrated shape, when the large soilblocks are adsorbed, due to a certain speed, the end with serration isenough to break the soil blocks and prevent the soil blocks fromblocking the pipeline. There are often some stones at the bottom of thewater, some of which are large, and the grating in the shape of the wellcan effectively block these stones to prevent these stones from beingblocked after being sucked into the pipeline and causing inconvenientcleaning.

Further, the blockage-prevention assembly 3 comprises a connecting headand at least three curved blockage-prevention parts. The connecting headis annular and rotatably connected with the bottom of the suctiondredging pipe 10, one ends of all the curved blockage-prevention partsare arranged on the connecting head at intervals, and the end of thesuction dredging pipe 10 is within a vertical projection area of all thecurved blockage-prevention parts, and a plurality of blockage-preventionheads are arranged on both sides of each of the curvedblockage-prevention parts at intervals. Specifically, theblockage-prevention principle of the blockage-prevention assembly 3 ofthis structure is as follows: during the mud suction process, the nozzle23 ejects a water column with high pressure to break the hard soillayer, and the suction dredging pipe 10 sucks the mud water mixturesinto the pipe. At this time, the connecting head continues to rotate, soas to drive the curved blockage-prevention parts connected with theconnecting head to rotate. The curved blockage-prevention parts hereinare three-dimensional curved structures, and the width of each of thecurved blockage-prevention parts gradually narrows in the direction awayfrom the suction dredging pipe 10, and blockage-prevention heads arearranged at intervals along the length direction on both sides of thecurved blockage-prevention parts. A plurality of rotating curvedblockage-prevention parts are equivalent to forming ablockage-prevention protection zone at the bottom of the suctiondredging pipe 10. When the large soil blocks come over, the rotatingcurved blockage-prevention parts can easily break the soil blocks, andwhen the large stones come over, the stones may be knocked away orbroken by the rotating curved blockage-prevention parts, which caneffectively prevent these large obstacles from entering the pipeline ofthe suction dredging pipe 10 and causing blockage. In addition, therotating curved blockage-prevention part can also play the role ofbreaking the hard soil layer to a certain extent, and assist themud-breaking assemblies 20 to work together.

Specifically, an included angle between the pressurization hole 11 and ahorizontal plane is not less than 45°, so as to ensure that thehigh-pressure gas from the pressurization holes 11 can move upward. Asshown in FIG. 6 , the top of the suction dredging pipe 10 is alsoconnected with a mud discharge pipe 13. The mud discharge pipe 13 isL-shaped and the corner thereof is arc-shaped to facilitate thedischarge of the mud water mixtures. The suction dredging pipe 10 andthe mud discharge pipe 13 are connected by means of a connecting flange,and the air collecting box 12 is also connected with a pipeline locatedat the top thereof by means of a connecting flange.

In the description of the present application, it should be noted thatthe orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms“upper”, “lower”, etc. are based on the orientation or positionalrelationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience ofdescribing the present application and simplifying the description,instead of indicating or implying that the pointed device or elementmust have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in aspecific orientation, therefore it cannot be understood as a limitationof the present application. Unless otherwise clearly specified andlimited, the terms “installation”, “connected” and “connection” shouldbe understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixedconnection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; furthermay be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; further maybe directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediatemedium, or may be the internal communication between two components. Forthose of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of theabove-mentioned terms in the present application may be understoodaccording to specific circumstances.

It should be noted that relational terms such as “first” and “second”are only for distinguishing one entity or operation from another entityor operation in the present application, and do not necessarily requireor imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities oroperations. Moreover, the terms “include”, “comprise” or any othervariants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so thata process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements notonly comprises those elements, but also comprises those that are notexplicitly listed, or further comprises elements inherent to theprocess, method, article, or device. If there are no more restrictions,the elements defined by the sentence “comprising a . . . ” does notexclude the existence of other same elements in the process, method,article, or device comprising the elements.

The above-mentioned are only the embodiments of the present application,so that those skilled in the art can understand or implement the presentapplication. For those skilled in the art, various modifications tothese embodiments will be obvious, and the general principles definedherein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing fromthe spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the presentapplication will not be limited to the embodiments shown in thisdocument, but will be subject to the widest scope consistent with theprinciples and novel features applied herein.

1. A suction dredger for use on an underwater hard soil layer, comprising: a mud suctioning mechanism, which comprises a pressurizing assembly and a suction dredging pipe (10), the suction dredging pipe (10) is inserted in the pressurizing assembly and two ends thereof at least partially extend out of the pressurizing assembly, a side wall of a pipe section of the suction dredging pipe (10) located in the pressurizing assembly is provided with a plurality of pressurization holes (11) that are inclined upward in the direction from the outer wall to the inner wall, and the pressurizing assembly is configured to discharge mud water mixtures in the suction dredging pipe (10) by means of the pressurization holes (11); a mud-breaking mechanism, which comprises at least two mud-breaking assemblies (20), the mud-breaking assemblies (20) are arranged on the bottom of the mud suctioning mechanism and are configured to crush the underwater hard soil layer to assist the suction dredging pipe (10) in suctioning mud; and a blockage-prevention assembly (3), which is arranged on the bottom of the suction dredging pipe (10), and the blockage-prevention assembly (3) is configured to prevent the suction dredging pipe (10) from experiencing blockages during a suction process.
 2. The suction dredger for use on the underwater hard soil layer according to claim 1, wherein the pressurizing assembly comprises: an air collecting box (12), which comprises an air collecting cavity, and the air collecting box (12) is configured such that the suction dredging pipe (10) is inserted in the air collecting box (12) and the pressurization holes (11) located on the suction dredging pipe (10) all communicate with the air collecting cavity; and a high-pressure air pump, which is arranged above the air collecting box (12), and is connected with the top of the air collecting box (12) through a pipeline, and communicates with the air collecting cavity, and the high-pressure air pump is configured to inject air with a high flow rate into the air collecting cavity to discharge the mud water mixtures in the suction dredging pipe (10).
 3. The suction dredger for use on the underwater hard soil layer according to claim 2, wherein the mud-breaking mechanism comprises: a diversion pipe (21), which is arranged in the air collecting cavity, at least two water outlets are arranged on a pipe section of the diversion pipe (21) at intervals, and each of the water outlets is connected with one of the mud-breaking assemblies (20); and a high-pressure water pump, which is arranged above the air collecting box (12), and is connected with one end of the diversion pipe (21) through a pipeline.
 4. The suction dredger for use on the underwater hard soil layer according to claim 3, wherein the mud-breaking assembly (20) comprises a water jet pipe (22) and a nozzle (23) arranged at an end of the water jet pipe (22), the water jet pipe (22) communicates with the corresponding water outlet, a connection between the water jet pipe (22) and the water outlet is also provided with a rotating part, the rotating part is connected with a driving motor, and the driving motor is configured to drive the rotating part to rotate to adjust an angle of the water jet pipe (22).
 5. The suction dredger for use on the underwater hard soil layer according to claim 1, wherein the blockage-prevention assembly (3) is detachably clamped with the suction dredging pipe (10), one end of the blockage-prevention assembly (3) away from the suction dredging pipe (10) is in a serrated shape, and a grating in the shape of a well is arranged in the blockage-prevention assembly (3).
 6. The suction dredger for use on the underwater hard soil layer according to claim 1, wherein the blockage-prevention assembly (3) comprises a connecting head and at least three curved blockage-prevention parts, the connecting head is annular and rotatably connected with the bottom of the suction dredging pipe (10), one end of all the curved blockage-prevention parts are arranged on the connecting head at intervals, and the bottom of the suction dredging pipe (10) is within a vertical projection area of all the curved blockage-prevention parts, and a plurality of blockage-prevention heads are arranged on both sides of each of the curved blockage-prevention parts at intervals.
 7. The suction dredger for use on the underwater hard soil layer according to claim 1, wherein an included angle between the pressurization hole (11) and a horizontal plane is not less than 45°.
 8. The suction dredger for use on the underwater hard soil layer according to claim 2, wherein the top of the suction dredging pipe (10) is also connected with a mud discharge pipe (13), the mud discharge pipe (13) is L-shaped, and a corner thereof is arc-shaped.
 9. The suction dredger for use on the underwater hard soil layer according to claim 8, the suction dredging pipe (10) and the mud discharge pipe (13) are connected by means of a connecting flange, and the air collecting box (12) is also connected with a pipeline located at the top thereof by means of a connecting flange.
 10. The suction dredger for use on the underwater hard soil layer according to claim 1, wherein the number of the mud-breaking assemblies (20) is 4 to
 8. 